Episode 30

What is COVID-19? What is SARS-CoV-2? What is being done to stop this pandemic and what can we do to stay safe? We are joined by Dr Daniel Janies who is on the front lines of this crisis and graciously offered us an hour of his time to answer our burning questions as well as some of yours from our Facebook page.

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes

Articles and resources from Dr Janies

https://cci.uncc.edu/directory/daniel-janies

https://janieslab.github.io/index.html

https://brc.uncc.edu/news/2020-02-26/what-do-we-need-know-about-coronavirus-cov-emergent-wuhan-china-long-and-short-terms

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hearing-emerging-disease-threat-how-us-responding-covid-19-novel-coronavirus-03032020

https://www.medtechdive.com/news/fda-chief-warns-of-supply-pressure-on-reagents-for-coronavirus-tests/573999/

NPR story about the Coronavirus spillover from bats

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/20/807742861/new-research-bats-harbor-hundreds-of-coronaviruses-and-spillovers-arent-rare

Statement from Labcorp

https://www.labcorp.com/information-labcorp-about-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19

Before you share to social media or get angry about something you read there, be sure to fact check! The truth is often far more complicated and boring than the memes would have us believe.

https://www.snopes.com/collections/new-coronavirus-collection/ 

Episode 29

Do you enjoy long walks on the beach and the warm sand between your toes? Have you ever wondered where that sand comes from and if someone has a plan to stop the ocean from taking it back? How are coastal cities preparing for the inevitable sea-level rise, and why should we who don't live anywhere near the ocean care? 

In the final installment of our Climate Connections series, Ian takes us for a long walk on the beach as we discuss climate refugees, sand mining, effective storytelling, and whether there is room for hope in the coming years. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes 

Lots of articles!

1. 1. 1. Articles about impact of sea level rise
         1. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/
         2. Smithsonian Sea Level Rise explanation: https://ocean.si.edu/through-time/ancient-seas/sea-level-rise
         3. https://sealevelrise.org/
      2. Resources for seeing projections 
         1. Surging Seas (affiliated with Climate Central): https://sealevel.climatecentral.org/
         2. Surging Seas Risk Finder: https://riskfinder.climatecentral.org/
         3. Surging Seas Map options: https://sealevel.climatecentral.org/maps/
         4. NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer: https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/ 
      3. Articles about NC (both address 2012 sea level rise debacle)
         1. https://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article234385422.html
         2. Background on sea level rise debacle from 2012: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/09/14/scientists-warned-of-rising-sea-levels-in-north-carolina-republican-lawmakers-shelved-their-recommendations/
         3. https://www.coastalreview.org/2019/10/ncs-next-sea-level-rise-study-to-eye-2100/
      4. Article about Boston (from 2/19/2020) 
         1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2020/02/19/boston-prepares-rising-seas-climate-change/?arc404=true

Stephen Colbert clip: http://www.cc.com/video-clips/w6itwj/the-colbert-report-the-word---sink-or-swim 

Shishmaref, AK : https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/29/us/sutter-shishmaref-esau-tragedy/index.html  and https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/18/490519540/threatened-by-rising-seas-an-alaskan-village-decides-to-relocate 

More on the United Fruit Company and the US Government crushing Central America

https://medium.com/s/story/timeline-us-intervention-central-america-a9bea9ebc148

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/country-company-1954-guatemalan-coup-support-united-fruit.html

Books

Amitav Ghosh “The Great Derangement” : https://www.amazon.com/Great-Derangement-Climate-Unthinkable-Lectures/dp/022652681X

 Kim Stanley Robinson "New York 2140" : https://www.amazon.com/New-York-2140-Stanley-Robinson/dp/0316262315/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1J4MX2BOHBEDR&keywords=new+york+2041&qid=1583896793&sprefix=new+york+20%2Caps%2C150&sr=8-1

Episode 28

Do religious beliefs affect attitudes about climate change? Are people who believe we are in the "End Times" less likely to care about long term environmental impacts? What do the polling numbers indicate? The results might surprise you!

Remember to send us your wildest, pie-in-the-sky plan to stop climate change, and you could one BILLION dollars (of totally fake money). Email us at [email protected] or post it to our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes

Lots of articles to read!

1. 1. 1. Pew Stats from 2015: https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2015/10/22/religion-and-views-on-climate-and-energy-issues/
      2. Religious Statements on Climate Change: https://www.interfaithpowerandlight.org/religious-statements-on-climate-change/
      3. Pew Stats on Catholic Division: https://www.pewforum.org/2015/06/16/catholics-divided-over-global-warming/ 
      4. Katharine Hayhoe: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/opinion/sunday/climate-change-evangelical-christian.html
      5. Pew Stats from 2010: https://www.pewforum.org/2010/09/17/few-say-religion-shapes-immigration-environment-views/

“Left Behind” series : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_Behind  ; http://leftbehind.com/ 

7 Dispensations : https://www.compellingtruth.org/seven-dispensations.html 

Ozone layer hole : https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/2019-ozone-hole-is-the-smallest-on-record-since-its-discovery  [and a small bit of history : https://www.newsweek.com/nasa-hole-earths-ozone-layer-finally-closing-humans-did-something-771922 ]

Judges are more impartial after a meal : https://www.wired.com/2011/04/judges-mental-fatigue/ 

Dear Hank and John podcast : https://www.npr.org/podcasts/735467446/dear-hank-john

Peacock ore (aka Bornite) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornite and as a crystal : https://www.crystals-online.co.uk/properties-pages/peacock-ore/ 

Y2K and apocalypse : 

https://www.adl.org/education/resources/reports/y2k-apocalypse 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickallen/2020/12/29/apocalypse-then-when-y2k-didnt-lead-to-the-end-of-civilization/#534b3e38475c 

[From a believer in the immediate coming rapture : https://daniel11truth.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAqNPyBRCjARIsAKA-WFzh4El5Tz8h5Sivrdoeot6zdAjqKbLTk-ZSPkS0LJJWQMBWpnawv6oaAuWgEALw_wcB ]

Ezekiel 38

Hebrew and English: https://www.sefaria.org/Ezekiel.38?lang=bi 

As proof of apocalypse : https://www.apocalypsesoon.org/xfile-10.html

Episode 27

In part 3 of our Climate Connections series, Adam tries to break us out of our conventional ways of thinking by introducing the concept of play, and forcing us to imagine how we would solve the climate crisis if we had zero limitations. 

How about guerrilla gardening, benevolent-ish dictatorships, billion dollar grants, the end of big cities, the return of generational living, solar farming the desert, or farting salt mines?

Send us your wildest, pie-in-the-sky plan to stop climate change, and you could one BILLION dollars (of totally fake money). Email us at [email protected] or post it to our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes

Favorite PE game

Adam-Scooter (found here: https://www.gophersport.com/pe/scooters/sst-scooters) and games (found here: https://www.gophersport.com/blog/6-scooter-games-pe/ )

Kendra--Parachute, games found here: https://www.playparachutes.com/pagaac.html 

Rachael -- Tetherball, what it is : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetherball  (scene from Napoleon Dynamite : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azSxYbFovWo )

Zack -- none (here’s one story as to why some kids dislike p.e. : https://education.penelopetrunk.com/2013/05/20/forced-gym-makes-kids-hate-exercise/ )

Adam’s book “Living with Tiny Aliens” https://www.amazon.com/Living-Tiny-Aliens-Anthropocene-Groundworks-ebook-dp-B07WWJP3FP/dp/B07WWJP3FP/ref=mt_kindle?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=1582659303 

Augustine and his idea that children are sinners : http://www.stephenhicks.org/2011/12/02/augustine-on-why-babies-are-evil/

Solar power in Sahara : http://theconversation.com/should-we-turn-the-sahara-desert-into-a-huge-solar-farm-114450 

Nuclear power, pros-cons: https://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_Nuclear_Energy 

Gen 2 reactors:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/09/leslie-dewan-explorer-moments-nuclear-energy/

New energy storage ideas:

https://www.wired.com/2016/05/forget-elons-batteries-fix-grid-rock-filled-train-hill/

Episode 26

In part 2 of our Climate Connections miniseries, Rachael serves up a heaping helping of hope in the face of potentially the greatest crisis the human race has ever encountered. Can her immovable optimism stand firm against Adam's unstoppable despair? Will a realistic way forward emerge in the aftermath? Grab some popcorn and roasted crickets. This one is fun. 

(Zack note: I recorded my part from the passenger seat of my station wagon on a family trip, so you will hear my toddler yelling for food periodically. Lunch is important yall!)

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes

Favorite Tree

Rachael--Aspen: https://www.nationalforests.org/blog/tree-profile-aspen-so-much-more-than-a-tree 

Kendra--Rainbow eucalyptus: https://mymodernmet.com/rainbow-eucalyptus-tree/ 

Ian--live oak: https://www.arborday.org/trees/treeguide/treedetail.cfm?itemID=876 

Zack--box elder: https://www.thoughtco.com/introduction-to-the-boxelder-tree-1343340 

Adam--one particular elm

Bark beetle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pine_beetle

Beetle kill pine furniture: https://sears-trostel.com/blog/13657/Beetle-Kill-Blue-Stain-Pine-Lumber-in-Fort-Collins 

Food

Who owns the land: https://thecounter.org/who-really-owns-american-farmland/

CO2 animal production: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local?fbclid=IwAR0fMG7sySLwJO7FAjbp7Wix1uy8RAsLci-IOMLZlYxzcxNbnHxV7MRgAIU 

Americans love their meat: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-chart-proves-americans-love-their-meat-2016-08-15 

Food recommendations in American diet: https://www.meatinstitute.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/47465/pid/47465 

We ate a record amount in 2018: https://www.meatinstitute.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/47465/pid/47465 

World consumption of beef (note how many countries eat far less than we do) https://beef2live.com/story-world-beef-consumption-per-capita-ranking-countries-0-111634 

We are the Weather: saving the world begins at breakfast by Jonathan Safran Foer https://www.amazon.com/We-Are-Weather-Saving-Breakfast/dp/0374280002 

Recycling

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/climate/recycling-wrong-mistakes.html 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/climate/recycling-landfills-plastic-papers.html 

https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/recycling6.htm 

“Star Thrower” by Loren Eiseley wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Thrower

Babies in the river story: https://www.uua.org/re/tapestry/youth/call/workshop1/171686.shtml 

Equality/equity/justice: https://www.icafoodshelf.org/blog/2017/11/15/equity-vs-equality-vs-justice-how-are-they-different 

Creation Care Alliance: https://creationcarealliance.org/ 

Better clothing: https://qz.com/823607/pro-tips-for-buying-clothes-that-will-last-years-not-weeks/ 

A whole book on the subject https://www.amazon.com/How-Break-Fast-Fashion-guilt-free-ebook/dp/B07WH5C7XD 

Episode 25

If you could save the world simply by changing the way you eat, would you do it? Is fake meat the future of food or is it a fad for rich people? Why are we so afraid of eating bugs? Why are we so bad at living out our values unless they are convenient? All these questions and more as Zack introduces part 1 of our Climate Connections miniseries in which each host takes a week to explain their own personal connection to the climate crisis. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes 

Comfort foods

Zack: TastyKake: https://www.tastykake.com/

Kendra: Reese puffs cereal: https://cereals.generalmills.com/products/reeses-puffs/ 

Ian: milk chocolate, especially milka: https://germandelistore.com/milka/?p=1 

Adam: mashed potatoes: (best mashed potatoes, but also comes with meatloaf recipe) https://smittenkitchen.com/2017/02/tomato-glazed-meatloaves-with-brown-butter-mashed-potatoes/ 

Rachael: brownies: https://smittenkitchen.com/2012/08/my-favorite-brownies/ 

History

Last name “Jackson”

https://www.facinghistory.org/reconstruction-era/changing-names 

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/19/news/among-blacks-washington-ranks-as-the-top-surname.html 

https://www.amazon.com/Slaves-Family-Edward-Ball/dp/0374534454/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&keywords=slaves+in+the+family&qid=1513302146&s=books&sr=1-1 

Jefferson quote, hold a wolf’s ears https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/famous-jefferson-quotes 

Quakers and abolition: https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17843552 

Industry (cotton) and the continuation of southern slavery: https://www.ushistory.org/us/22b.asp 

1 Tim 1:15, explanation of “chief of all sinners” https://doctrine.org/paul-chief-of-sinners  

“Historical roots of our ecological crisis” By Lynn White 1967: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/155/3767/1203 

Edible insects and Human Evolution by Dr. Julie Lesnik: https://upf.com/book.asp?id=9780813056999 

Food

Impossible food: https://impossiblefoods.com/ 

Vox article criticizing meatless-meat trend: 

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/10/7/20880318/meatless-meat-mainstream-backlash-impossible-burger 

Patrick Brown TEDmed Talk (2015): https://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=529958 

New Yorker article: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/30/can-a-burger-help-solve-climate-change 

Grass-fed vs. grain fed for environmentalism: https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/13/746576239/is-grass-fed-beef-really-better-for-the-planet-heres-the-science?fbclid=IwAR2Mgkudmkq9mH5RfqhsnhjP-qG1h-N3vbDGuanT2472FLB4VP9-dC8gRvY 

Farming in America stats: https://www.fb.org/newsroom/fast-facts 

How many farms are there: https://www.statista.com/statistics/196114/top-10-us-states-by-number-of-farms/ 

*note: considered a farm if sells >$1,000 in agriculture in 1yr.

General other food articles: 

1. 1. 1. 1. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html
         2. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541
         3. https://theconversation.com/five-ways-the-meat-on-your-plate-is-killing-the-planet-76128
         4. http://css.umich.edu/publication/beyond-meats-beyond-burger-life-cycle-assessment-detailed-comparison-between-plant-based
         5. https://www.fcrn.org.uk/projects/grazed-and-confused

Entomophagy!

1. 1. 1. 1. https://medium.com/cleantech-rising/the-future-of-insect-based-protein-82b92ddb2057
         2. https://massivesci.com/articles/eating-bugs-insect-protein-entomophagy-food-agriculture/
         3. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/15/edible-insect-save-planet-global-warming-tasty-trendy

Episode 24

We finish up our series on human origins by asking "Who are my people?"

That simple question will lead us to question every facet of our lives and how we interact with life on Earth. It will force us to face our relationship with animals, our self-identity, our sense of purpose, and our various privileges. It will also lead us to ancient bathroom graffiti, songwriting whales, and a hope for humanity. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes

Favorite table-top games

Kendra: Balderdash: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balderdash

Zack: DixIt: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixit_(card_game) 

Ian: Cards Against Humanity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cards_Against_Humanity 

Rachael: Cribbage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribbage

“Game for Good Christians” : https://www.agameforgoodchristians.com/about/ 

General conversation points

Who is Lucy, the Australopithecus afarensis skeleton: https://iho.asu.edu/about/lucys-story  and here: http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141127-lucy-fossil-revealed-our-origins 

The Dimetrodon is NOT a dinosaur: https://www.thoughtco.com/things-to-know-dimetrodon-1093785 

Elizabeth Warren and a DNA test: https://www.factcheck.org/2018/10/the-facts-on-elizabeth-warrens-dna-test/ 

How dairy farms work: https://modernfarmer.com/2014/03/real-talk-milk/ 

Orca-pod helping feed humans and other facts: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/killer-whale-avoids-eating-people-helped-19th-century-whalers-became-public-enemy-number-one/ 

Book, “When Elephants Weep” : https://www.amazon.com/When-Elephants-Weep-Emotional-Animals/dp/0385314280 

Answers in Genesis, What it means to be human: https://answersingenesis.org/human-evolution/what-makes-us-human/what-does-it-mean-to-be-human/ 

Humpback whale cultural songs: https://medium.com/@dealville/whales-synchronize-their-songs-across-oceans-and-theres-sheet-music-to-prove-it-b1667f603844 

3 pages-a-day journal : https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/oct/03/morning-pages-change-your-life-oliver-burkeman 

Graffiti in Pompeii : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_graffiti 

and http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm  

and https://kashgar.com.au/blogs/history/the-bawdy-graffiti-of-pompeii-and-herculaneu

Episode 23

We are joined by author, professor, and host of the podcast, "The Bible for Normal People", Dr Pete Enns as we ask the question, "If humans evolved, what do we do with Adam and Eve?" 

For many people, this is the main reason why they cannot seriously entertain human evolution. To do so would seemingly fly in the face of the veracity of scripture. If Adam is just a myth, does the whole thing fall apart? Pete doesn't think so, and neither do we. Join us as we learn to think about the Bible like the people who wrote the Bible and discover that these archaic stories still have a lot to teach us. 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson 
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Show Notes 

Most interesting thing in your room:

Ian, wine tap: 

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-08/your-next-hotel-room-might-have-wine-on-tap 

Kendra’s vision board

Adam had bobble heads: martin luther: https://www.missionalwear.com/martin-luther-bobblehead and Katie von bora (Martin’s wife) https://oldlutheran.com/products/katie-luther-bobble-head-doll 

Rachael, full talmud, and why (to study a page a day): https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/9-things-to-know-about-the-daf-yomi-daily-page-of-talmud/ 

Zack, lime (orange?) tree, which as it turns out, can be hard to tell the difference: https://www.gardenguides.com/129997-difference-between-orange-lime-trees.html 

Pete, House of Lannister scotch: https://www.thewhiskyexchange.com/p/47810/lagavulin-9-year-old-game-of-thrones-house-lannister 

All about our guest, Pete Enns:

Podcast, the Bible for normal people: https://thebiblefornormalpeople.podbean.com/ 

Books including “Sin of Certainty” and “Evolution of Adam” : https://peteenns.com/books/books-for-normal-people/ 

Someone wrote a review of “Evolution of Adam” and this is Pete’s response: https://peteenns.com/spinning-our-wheels-a-response-to-a-review-of-the-evolution-of-adam-with-apologies-to-those-with-a-500-word-1-6-minute-internet-attention-span/ 

The challenges of reading the Bible: https://peteenns.com/11-recurring-mistake-evangelicals-make-evolution-debate/

Bible:

What was the Reformation? https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/reformation 

What is the Shulchan Arukh? https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-shulhan-arukh/ 

Romans 5 quote: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+5%3A12-21&version=NIV 

Episode 22

Were the big, moralistic gods of most major religions created to control the people of the early cities? Did big gods enable the creation of big cities? Is religion just an artifact of the agricultural revolution? Which came first, and why is it so important? 

Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast

More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/

produced by Zack Jackson 
music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis

Show Notes

Dunbars number, 150, and where it came from: https://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/social-media-affect-math-dunbar-number-friendships

And : https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191001-dunbars-number-why-we-can-only-maintain-150-relationships 

Books:

Kurt Vonnegut book, Galapagos: https://amzn.to/2tHuQWW

Book by Andrew Newberg “How God changes your brain”: https://amzn.to/36if6Hc

Early writing, in Egypt:

Extensive article: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-61 

A bit more reader-friendly: https://www.reckon.com/reckon-blog/ancient-egyptians-the-original-bookkeepers1/ 

“Hidden Brain” episode of the origin of religion:  https://www.npr.org/2019/05/06/720656274/where-does-religion-come-from-one-researcher-points-to-cultural-evolution 

Short video on humans from 200,000 years ago to now and the population changes throughout the world: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aekazg/watching-humans-take-over-the-earth-in-200000-years-is-pretty-relaxing 

BIblical references: 

Gen 11: 1-9 and tower of Babel: https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.11?lang=bi&aliyot=0 

Gen 4:1-16 and Cain/Abel story: https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.4?ven=Jewish_English_Torah&lang=bi&aliyot=0 

Big Gods or Big Cities….and the problems with trying to find out:

1. 1. 1. 1. https://www.patheos.com/blogs/scienceonreligion/2019/05/did-big-gods-come-before-or-after-big-societies/?utm_medium=social&utm_source=share_bar&fbclid=IwAR3lVLCmhHpZ1uXfDveYj2q3ppmT7CHiU3Q59Td6W6ntr45UQBSf9UBJcXw#pbXkMxz9qZkCbB8O.01 
         2. http://nautil.us/blog/which-comes-first-big-cities-or-big-gods 
         3. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/918.full 
         4. https://theconversation.com/big-gods-came-after-the-rise-of-civilisations-not-before-finds-study-using-huge-historical-database-113801 
         5. https://www.livescience.com/65039-punishing-gods-rise-with-complex-societies.html 
         6. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/big-religion-may-have-gotten-too-much-credit-for-the-evolution-of-modern-society/